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Most
auditoriums have only limited acoustic flexibility. Audience and artists
have become increasingly more demanding and require a first rate acoustic
quality to do justice to the performance of a concert or conference.
This was the reason for a team of acoustic experts to develop a technology
which resulted in a fully variable acoustic for auditoriums and other
public spaces. Using the very latest electronic developments, the acoustic
adjustment of the auditoriums achieved without any compromise to the performance
quality of the auditorium. The resulting system is called SIAP (System
for Improved Acoustic Performance). Each auditorium has its own unique
characteristics.
The
SIAP system modifies the halls acoustic in a natural way by filling
in the missing reflections from each surface and can even, electronically,
move those surfaces to acoustically more desirable positions. SIAP offers
complete control over the acoustic parameters of the room, offering the
most subtle adjustments.
A technology is only of interest if it offers audible as well as measurable
improvement for its users. The SIAP system can provide as little change
as the improvement of clarity of speech and as much as the acoustic of
a cathedral, providing audible as well as measurable improvement for the
users of the auditorium. Here are the details of how your auditorium too
can become really acoustically multipurpose.
Almost Invisible
The SIAP system, developed by SIAP B.V. at Uden, the Netherlands, consists
of three principal elements:
Microphones to capture the sound on stage and in the auditorium
Loudspeakers discretely positioned around the auditorium to reproduce
the missing reflections and reverberation
Central equipment comprising an advanced digital processor, amplifiers,
and a control panel for selection of the acoustic settings and other functions
such as line input and line output
Once installed and tuned, these three elements will provide a significant
yet subtle improvement of the acoustics by influencing both the early
and late sound energy in the room. The result is astounding the
sound remains natural and the auditorium takes on a new and much more
satisfying dimension for artists and audience.
Abstract
From ®The History of Electronic Architecture and Variable Acoustics
by
Wim Prinssen, SIAP B.V.
Uden, The Netherlands
and
Dr. Peter DAntonio
RPG Diffusor Systems, Inc.
Upper Marlboro, MD, USA
In this brief history of electronic architecture, we attempt to apprise
the reader of the various developments that have led to the System for
Improved Acoustic Performance. We describe three paradigm shifts which
have taken place in the almost 50 years of electronic architecture development.
The shifts from "single purpose" to "multipurpose facilities", from "acoustic
feedback systems" to "discrete reflection generation systems" and from
a superimposed "complete acoustics approach" to a complementary "optimized
performance approach". We begin with a description of how our society
is moving from "single purpose" toward "multipurpose" facilities and how
the needs for variable acoustics are best met through DSP based electronic
architecture approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of three generations
of electronic architecture systems are presented. We describe a shift
in philosophy from acoustic feedback systems to a new digital DSP based
system which simulates reflected sound the way natural reflections and
reverberations are generated in a real room. We then describe the last
paradigm shift where the goal is to analyze a room's deficiencies and
improve performance by supplying the missing directional reflections and
reverberation rather than superimposing the sound signature of another
room. We conclude with a detailed description of the SIAP system. It is
our hope that this review puts present day systems into perspective and
informs the reader about the features and benefits of the SIAP approach.
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Installations
The Microphones
Installation and positioning of the small number of microphones
depends on acoustic factors and a position is chosen which is
out of the audiences primary eye line and clear of any
loudspeakers or lighting hoists in the auditorium. The most
usual position is high above the forestage in the auditorium.
The Speakers
High quality hemispherically radiating loudspeakers are used.
These allow a very even coverage of the whole auditorium (from
each loudspeaker) including the stage. This arrangement provides
a correct apparent source of sound so that the audience can
acoustically identify the artists as they move around the stage.
Furthermore, the sound is without any coloration and is completely
natural. Loudspeaker positions are determined for each hall
individually and are as discreet as possible, thereby making
the system almost invisible. For certain applications (such
as speech reinforcement for conferences) directional loudspeakers
may be installed.
The Sound Processing Equipment
The SIAP processor is completely digital. The resulting dynamic
range is better than 95 dB, which exceeds the dynamics of a
full symphony orchestra. Sound levels of more than 100 dB(A)
can be produced without distortion and without background noise
(NR 1520). The acoustic parameters programmed into the
processor for each loudspeaker are, among others,:
The reverberation time in the full audio frequency range
The level of reverberation (loudness)
The reflection density of the reverberation
Delay time, level, direction, and frequency characteristic of
the early reflections
By this means, the typical characteristics of each auditorium
shape appreciated by musicians and audience can be created (shoebox,
elongated hexagon, etc.).
Processor: 24 bits
A/D and D/A conversion: 18 bits
Frequency response: 20 - 20,000 Hz ± 0.5 dB @
44.1 kHz sample rate
Phase linearity: better than 5°, 20 - 20,000 Hz
Cross talk: better than 90 dB, 20 - 20,000 Hz
THD+N: smaller than 0.01%, 20 - 20,000 Hz
SMPTE IMD: smaller than 0.01%, 20 - 20,000 Hz
Time delay:
Analog in: 2 milliseconds @ 44.1 kHz
Analog out: sample rate, no processing
Inputs and outputs: XLR balanced (floating)
Environmental requirements:
Temperature: 0 - 35°C
Humidity: 20 - 95%
Dimensions:
19'' Frame mount
6 Units high, + 2 for ventilation
Recommended rack depth: 800mm
Input Sensitivity:
0 dBu with 48 volt phantom power, -60 dBu switchable
Card Slots: 21
Noise emission:
ca. 42 dB(A) at 1m distance in front of fan
Heat dissipation:
Maximum 200 Watts
SIAP B.V. reserves the right to make changes in manufacturing
which may alter specifications
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